Its job is to collect and cache samples on Mars. The Mars Perseverance rover is the first leg of this international, interplanetary relay team.
This will help scientists tell which materials in the Martian materials may actually be of Earth origin. NASA and ESA (European Space Agency) are planning ways to bring the first samples of Mars material back to Earth for detailed study. In the future, if the Perseverance samples are returned to Earth for analysis, the witness tubes will show whether Earth contaminants were present during sample collection. The witness tubes will also be sealed and cached like the actual Mars samples. The witness tubes do not, however, collect soil or rock samples. They are exposed to the local environment where samples are collected and they go through the motions of drilling and other movements that the sample containers experience. One at a time, the witness tubes will be opened on the Martian surface to "witness" the ambient environment near sample collection sites.
any other Earthly organic or inorganic material that may have arrived on Mars with the rover. chemical remnants from the firing of the landing propulsion system. gases that may be released, or "outgassed," from different materials on the rover. The witness tubes are similar to the sample tubes except they are pre-loaded with a variety of witness materials that can capture molecular and particulate contaminants, such as: Perseverance carries five "witness tubes" along with sample collection tubes. Strict rules limit the amount of inorganic, organic and biological materials from Earth in the rover and its sample handling system. These measures are in place to avoid contaminating Martian samples with terrestrial contaminants that may inadvertently be brought from Earth. Perseverance must meet extraordinary cleanliness requirements. The small arm picks up and moves new sample tubes to the drill, and transfers filled sample containers into a space where they are sealed and stored. Perseverance Scouts First Sampling Location This 3D view of geologic feature the Mars Perseverance rover team calls Raised Ridges was generated from data collected by Ingenuity during its 10th flight at Mars, on July 24, 2021. While the rover’s big arm reaches out and drills rock, the rover belly is home to a small robotic arm that works as a "lab assistant" to the big arm. This image shows the area on Mars from which NASA’s Perseverance rover will collect its first rock sample. Next to that are the 43 sample tubes waiting to be filled. It contains a rotating drill carousel, which is a wheel that contains different kinds of drill bits. The belly of the rover houses all the equipment and supplies needed to collect samples. Detailed maps will be provided for any future mission that might go to Mars and pick up these samples for study by scientists. 
These samples will be sealed in tubes and left in a well-identified place, or more than one spot, on the surface of Mars. It will search for signs of past microbial life, characterize Mars climate and geology, collect. A big job for the rover is collecting carefully selected samples of Mars rock and soil. The Perseverance rover is a robotic scientist weighing just under 2,300 pounds (1,043 kilograms).
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